Beginning February 1, 2026, the Ghana Shippers’ Authority (GSA) will enforce a mandatory Smart Port Note (SPN) for all cargo shipments entering, leaving or transiting through Ghana.
This digital initiative will change how trade data is managed at the country’s seaports and align it with modern global trade standards.
What exactly is the Smart Port Note System?
The Smart Port Note, also referred to in some sources as an Electronic Cargo Tracking Note (ECTN) is a digital certificate issued for every Bill of Lading or Airwaybill.
It acts as an advanced shipment information system, capturing critical data points before a vessel even arrives at the port.
Key data captured by the SPN
- Type and quantity of cargo
- Shipper and consignee details
- Ports of loading and discharge, including specific dates
- Container details and commercial invoices
But under the new framework, every shipment must now be validated with a unique SPN code. A code which must be clearly listed on the Bill of Lading. Essentially, a cargo without a valid SPN will not be cleared and shippers may face significant fines and penalties.
Why is it being introduced?
The GSA, supported by trade data analysts, argues that the SPN is a necessary piece of baseline trade infrastructure. The reasons are:
1. Early visibility which allows port authorities to manage traffic and security risks before cargo arrives.
2. Regulatory compliance that strengthens cargo monitoring and the reliability of logistics data.
3. Global alignment. That is matching systems used in the U.S. (Automated Manifest System), the EU (Import Control System), and other major trading hubs like Singapore and South Korea.
4. Reducing congestion by addressing port congestion as a data problem by ensuring all declarations are accurate and timely.
The who pays debate
The financial impact of the SPN is currently the most debated aspect of the rollout.
The GSA’s Position: The Authority maintains that the SPN is an export-oriented data requirement. This means that importers and consignees in Ghana are not charged. Instead, service fees are paid by exporters at the port of origin.
The Traders’ Position: A Coalition of Concerned Exporters, Importers, and Traders argues that these origin-point fees will inevitably be passed on to Ghanaian consumers. They estimate the policy could cost Ghanaian households between €187.2 million and €382.8 million annually.
Implementation and Management
The GSA has entered into an agreement with Inter-Ocean Maritime and Logistics Institute (IOMLI) and its technical partner, Antaser Afrique BV to manage the system. These entities have exclusive rights to issue and validate SPN codes through the Antaser Afrique platform. The SPN workflow is such that:
1. Application: The shipper or exporter at the port of origin applies for the SPN.
2. Documentation: The exporter submits the commercial invoice, packing list, and export customs declaration.
3. Validation: Once the Bill of Lading is submitted, the certificate is validated.
4. Integration: The unique SPN code is attached to the shipping documents for port clearance in Ghana.
Why are some groups opposing it?
While proponents see the SPN as a tool for transparency, the Coalition of Concerned Exporters, Importers and Traders has demanded a suspension of the rollout. Their concerns include:
- Redundancy: They argue that the existing Integrated Customs Management System (ICUMS) already provides cargo tracking and risk profiling, making the SPN an unnecessary extra layer.
- Bureaucracy: Critics claim the system fragments the data ecosystem which forces traders to upload documents to multiple platforms, which could lead to delays.
- Revenue Focus: Some traders allege the system is designed primarily to generate revenue for private service providers rather than to facilitate trade.
Despite these objections, the GSA continues to urge all shipping lines, freight forwarders, and logistics operators to ensure full compliance before the February 1, 2026 deadline to avoid disruptions at the ports.
The distinction between the Smart Port Note (SPN) and the Integrated Customs Management System (ICUMS) is a central point of debate in the trade sector.
While proponents argue they serve different technical roles, critics maintain that the SPN adds an unnecessary layer to an already functional digital infrastructure.
Main differences
The primary difference lies in the stage of the shipping process each system targets and the specific nature of the data they collect.
Smart Port Note (SPN): This is an advanced shipment information system that captures data before a vessel arrives or even before it is loaded at the port of origin. It is a digital certificate issued per Bill of Lading that informs port authorities about the cargo’s nature and quantity in advance to manage traffic and security risks. Technical experts describe it as a data collection and validation layer rather than a tax or customs instrument.
CUMS: Introduced in June 2020, It is Ghana’s national Single Window platform designed for end-to-end customs management. Unlike the SPN, which focuses on pre-shipment data, ICUMS is a comprehensive system used for valuation, classification, risk management and the processing of payments for all cross-border trade.
Management and Regulatory Oversight
The two systems are managed by different authorities with distinct mandates:
The SPN is an initiative of the Ghana Shippers’ Authority (GSA). Its implementation is managed through an agreement with private partners Inter-Ocean Maritime and Logistics Institute (IOMLI) and Antaser Afrique BV, who have exclusive rights to validate the codes.
ICUMS is the primary tool used by the Ghana Revenue Authority (GRA) for revenue mobilisation. It was developed by the Korean Customs Service (CUPIA) and is spearheaded locally by Ghana Link Services Ltd.
The duplication controversy
One of the major points of contention between the government and trade groups is whether the SPN is redundant.
Supporters of the SPN argue that it provides early visibility that ICUMS does not focus on, allowing for risk management before cargo even moves. They claim it serves as baseline trade infrastructure that aligns Ghana with international standards like those in the EU and U.S..
On the other hand, the Coalition of Concerned Exporters, Importers and Traders argues that ICUMS already provides cargo tracking, data capture, and risk profiling. They contend that shipping lines already submit advanced manifest data into ICUMS weeks before arrival, making the SPN an unnecessary extra layer that fragments the data ecosystem and increases the risk of data discrepancies.
